Permission can outlast an opportunity to intervene
A useful research question is whether an authorisation remains active after meaningful human intervention becomes difficult.
Observability: what can a human reconstruct?
A record of activity may still leave the reasons for a consequential action difficult to reconstruct.
Working question
What can a human see about an arrangement before, during and after its activity?
Distinctions to test
A sequence of recorded actions may reveal what happened without revealing which alternatives were available, which information was used, or why an action was selected.
Evidence to seek
Compare what an operator can inspect during activity with what an investigator can reconstruct afterwards. Look for cases where an apparently detailed record still fails to support intervention or explanation.
Boundary
This is an illustrative diagnostic question. It does not assert that all systems have the same logging or explanation mechanisms.